Fifty thousand years of Arctic vegetation and megafaunal diet
Eske Willerslev
(1)
,
John Davison
(2)
,
Mari Moora
(2)
,
Martin Zobel
(2)
,
Eric Coissac
(3)
,
Mary E. Edwards
(4)
,
Eline D. Lorenzen
(1, 5)
,
Mette Vestergård
(1)
,
Galina Gussarova
(6, 7)
,
James Haile
(1, 8)
,
Joseph Craine
(9)
,
Ludovic Gielly
(3)
,
Sanne Boessenkool
(6)
,
Laura S. Epp
(6)
,
Peter B. Pearman
(10)
,
Rachid Cheddadi
(11)
,
David Murray
(12)
,
Kari Anne Bråthen
(13)
,
Nigel Yoccoz
(13)
,
Heather Binney
(4)
,
Corinne Cruaud
(14)
,
Patrick Wincker
(14)
,
Tomasz Goslar
(15, 16)
,
Inger Greve Alsos
(17)
,
Eva Bellemain
(6)
,
Anne Krag Brysting
(18)
,
Reidar Elven
(6)
,
Jørn Henrik Sønstebø
(6)
,
Julian Murton
(19)
,
Andrei Sher
(20)
,
Morten Rasmussen
(1)
,
Regin Ronn
(1)
,
Tobias Mourier
(1)
,
Alan Cooper
(21)
,
Jeremy Austin
(21)
,
Per Moller
(22)
,
Duane Froese
(23)
,
Grant Zazula
(24)
,
Francois Pompanon
(3)
,
Delphine Rioux
(3)
,
Vincent Niderkorn
(25)
,
Alexei Tikhonov
(26)
,
Grigoriy Savvinov
(27)
,
Richard G. Roberts
(28)
,
Ross D. E. Macphee
(29)
,
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
(1)
,
Kurt H. Kjær
(1)
,
Ludovic Orlando
(1)
,
Christian Brochmann
(6)
,
Pierre Taberlet
(3)
1
UCPH -
University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
2 University of Tartu
3 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
4 Geography and Environment
5 Department of Integrative Biology
6 NCB - National Centre for Biosystematics
7 SPBU - Saint Petersburg State University
8 Murdoch University [Perth]
9 Division of Biology
10 Landscape Dynamics Unit
11 UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier
12 UAF - University of Alaska [Fairbanks]
13 UiT - The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway]
14 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
15 UAM - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu = Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
16 Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory | Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe
17 Museum
18 UiO - University of Oslo
19 University of Sussex
20 Institute of Ecology and Evolution
21 University of Adelaide
22 Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences
23 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton]
24 Government of Yukon
25 UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213
26 Zoological Institute
27 North-Eastern Federal University
28 University of Wollongong [Australia]
29 AMNH - American Museum of Natural History [New York, USA] = Musée américain d'histoire naturelle [New York, USA]
2 University of Tartu
3 LECA - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine
4 Geography and Environment
5 Department of Integrative Biology
6 NCB - National Centre for Biosystematics
7 SPBU - Saint Petersburg State University
8 Murdoch University [Perth]
9 Division of Biology
10 Landscape Dynamics Unit
11 UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier
12 UAF - University of Alaska [Fairbanks]
13 UiT - The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway]
14 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
15 UAM - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu = Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
16 Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory | Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe
17 Museum
18 UiO - University of Oslo
19 University of Sussex
20 Institute of Ecology and Evolution
21 University of Adelaide
22 Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences
23 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton]
24 Government of Yukon
25 UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213
26 Zoological Institute
27 North-Eastern Federal University
28 University of Wollongong [Australia]
29 AMNH - American Museum of Natural History [New York, USA] = Musée américain d'histoire naturelle [New York, USA]
Martin Zobel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 759657
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7957-6704
- IdRef : 171535138
Eric Coissac
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767160
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7507-6729
- IdRef : 154023213
James Haile
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 795097
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8521-8337
Rachid Cheddadi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 756162
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5652-8718
- IdRef : 033612668
Nigel Yoccoz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 797495
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2192-1039
- IdRef : 169310973
Corinne Cruaud
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 768749
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4752-7278
Patrick Wincker
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 757160
- IdHAL : patrick-wincker
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7562-3454
Jørn Henrik Sønstebø
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 784177
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3204-1283
Duane Froese
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 801041
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1032-5944
Vincent Niderkorn
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 183461
- IdHAL : vincent-niderkorn
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4631-7623
- IdRef : 113765452
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 781073
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5805-7195
Ludovic Orlando
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1083415
- IdHAL : ludovicorlando
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3936-1850
- IdRef : 080106951
Pierre Taberlet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 759735
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3554-5954
- IdRef : 060567376
Résumé
Although it is generally agreed that the Arctic flora is among the youngest and least diverse on Earth, the processes that shaped it are poorly understood. Here we present 50 thousand years (kyr) of Arctic vegetation history, derived from the first large-scale ancient DNA metabarcoding study of circumpolar plant diversity. For this interval we also explore nematode diversity as a proxy for modelling vegetation cover and soil quality, and diets of herbivorous megafaunal mammals, many of which became extinct around 10 kyr bp (before present). For much of the period investigated, Arctic vegetation consisted of dry steppe-tundra dominated by forbs (non-graminoid herbaceous vascular plants). During the Last Glacial Maximum (25-15 kyr bp), diversity declined markedly, although forbs remained dominant. Much changed after 10 kyr bp, with the appearance of moist tundra dominated by woody plants and graminoids. Our analyses indicate that both graminoids and forbs would have featured in megafaunal diets. As such, our findings question the predominance of a Late Quaternary graminoid-dominated Arctic mammoth steppe.
Domaines
Biologie végétale| Origine | Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s) |
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